Indications: Primavera capsules are indicated for:

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms
Benign breast disease & cyclical mastalgia
Lactation support
Atopic, allergic & neurodermatitis
Hypertension
Rheumatoid arthritis
Thrombosis
As a dietary aid to promote healthy skin, nourish brittle nails & hair

Description: Primavera Primrose is native to North America and obtained from the plant’s seeds. It has been used medicinally in Europe since the 16th century. Clinical studies have focused on its use in treating problems associated with essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency, including PMS, atopic eczema, inflammation, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Evening Primrose Oil (EPO) is relatively high in EFAs, particularly gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 7–10%).

Pharmacology: EPO improves fatty acid composition of plasma, erythrocytes, platelet lipids, and tocopherol levels in non-diabetic and Type I diabetic patients. It increases total fat and EFA content in mother’s milk, affects serum lipid composition, and helps maintain normal cellular structures. GLA is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), a precursor of prostanoids. By supplying GLA, EPO bypasses the rate-limiting step in linoleic acid metabolism, rapidly converting to DGLA and other prostaglandin precursors.

Dosage & Administration:

Atopic & allergic dermatitis: Adults — 1 capsule twice daily; Children — 1 capsule once daily
Benign breast disease & mastalgia: 1 capsule 2–3 times daily with or after meals
PMS: 1 capsule twice daily (morning & night) with or after meals
Rheumatoid arthritis: 1 capsule daily or as directed by physician

Contraindications: Previously not recommended for schizophrenia patients, but recent analyses show no clear therapeutic or adverse effect of EPO supplements in such cases.

Side Effects: Rare at recommended doses. Overdose may cause loose stool and abdominal pain.

Pregnancy & Lactation: Linoleic acid, GLA, and DGLA are important components of human breast milk. Evening primrose oil may be taken while nursing. WHO recommends pregnant or lactating women obtain 5% of daily caloric intake from EFAs.

Therapeutic Class: Herbal and Nutraceuticals

Storage Conditions: Keep out of reach of children. Store below 25°C in a dry place, away from direct sunlight.