Indications

Treatment of all patients with type 1 diabetes.
Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes not adequately controlled by diet and/or oral hypoglycemic agents.
Initial stabilization of diabetes in diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar non‑ketotic syndrome, and during stress (severe infections, major surgery).
Treatment of gestational diabetes.

Composition

Insulin Human R (40 IU/ml): 40 IU soluble insulin human (rDNA) USP per ml.
Insulin Human R (100 IU/ml): 100 IU soluble insulin human (rDNA) USP per ml.
Insulin Human N (40 IU/ml): 40 IU isophane insulin human (rDNA) USP per ml.
Insulin Human N (100 IU/ml): 100 IU isophane insulin human (rDNA) USP per ml.

Pharmacology Diasulin R is a sterile, clear, colorless solution of human insulin. It is fast‑acting with short duration compared to other insulins. It lowers blood glucose by facilitating uptake into muscle and fat cells and inhibiting hepatic glucose output.

Onset: within 30 minutes
Peak: 1–3 hours
Duration: 4–6 hours

Dosage Individualized by physician.

Type 1 diabetes: 0.5–1.0 IU/kg/day (children: 0.7–1.0 IU/kg/day).
Type 2 diabetes: 0.3–0.6 IU/kg/day initially. Injection should be followed within 30 minutes by a carbohydrate‑containing meal or snack.

Administration

Usually subcutaneous in abdominal wall; thigh, gluteal, or deltoid also possible.
Rotate injection sites to avoid lipodystrophy.
Intramuscular or intravenous only under physician guidance.

Interaction

↓ Insulin requirement: OHA, MAOI, ACE inhibitors, salicylates, alcohol.
↑ Insulin requirement: Thiazides, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, beta‑sympathomimetics, growth hormone.
Beta‑blockers may mask hypoglycemia symptoms.

Contraindications

Hypoglycemia
Hypersensitivity to human insulin or excipients

Side Effects

Hypoglycemia (most common)
Lipodystrophy at injection site
Hypersensitivity: rash, itching, sweating, GI upset, angioedema, breathing difficulty, hypotension
Oedema at therapy initiation

Pregnancy & Lactation Safe during pregnancy; insulin does not cross placenta. Requirements vary by trimester. Safe during lactation, but dosage/diet may need adjustment.

Precautions & Warnings

Inadequate dosing may cause hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.
Hypoglycemia risk if dose exceeds requirement.
Switching insulin types/brands requires medical supervision.
Travel across time zones may require adjustment of insulin and meals.

Overdose Effects

Mild hypoglycemia: treat with oral glucose.
Severe hypoglycemia: treat with glucagon IM/SC or IV glucose. Follow with oral carbohydrate to prevent relapse.