Indications T‑Cafla is an orally active third‑generation cephalosporin antibiotic with broad in‑vitro bactericidal activity against Gram‑positive and Gram‑negative organisms. It is indicated for the treatment of:

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) such as otitis media and other URTIs resistant to common antibiotics or where treatment failure carries significant risk.
Lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis.
Urinary tract infections including cystitis, cystourethritis, pyelonephritis.
Clinical efficacy demonstrated against pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella species, Haemophilus influenzae (β‑lactamase positive and negative), Moraxella catarrhalis (β‑lactamase positive and negative), and Enterobacter species.
Highly stable in the presence of β‑lactamase enzymes.

Pharmacology Cefixime is a semi‑synthetic third‑generation cephalosporin for oral use.

Bactericidal by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Stable against β‑lactamase enzymes, effective against resistant organisms.
Oral absorption ~40–50%, unaffected by food.

Dosage & Administration

Adults & children >10 years: 200–400 mg daily depending on severity, as a single dose or in two divided doses.
Elderly: same as adults; adjust in severe renal impairment.
Children: 8 mg/kg/day as single or divided doses.
- Up to 1 year: 3.75 ml daily
- 1–4 years: 5 ml daily
- 5–10 years: 10 ml daily
Typhoid fever: 5 mg/kg twice daily for 10–14 days.
Children >50 kg or >10 years: use adult dose.
Not established in infants <6 months.
Renal impairment:
- CrCl ≥20 ml/min: normal dose.
- CrCl <20 ml/min: 200 mg once daily.
- Peritoneal dialysis/hemodialysis: same as CrCl <20 ml/min.

Interactions

May increase prothrombin time; caution with anticoagulants.

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.

Side Effects Generally well tolerated. Most adverse reactions mild and self‑limiting.

Gastrointestinal: diarrhea, stool changes (more common at higher doses), nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, flatulence, pseudomembranous colitis.
CNS: headache, dizziness.
Hypersensitivity: rash, pruritus, urticaria, drug fever, arthralgia.
Hematology: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, eosinophilia (rare, reversible).
Liver/renal: mild transient changes in function tests.
Miscellaneous: genital pruritus, vaginitis.

Pregnancy & Lactation

No adequate controlled studies in pregnant women; use only if clearly needed.
Unknown if excreted in human milk; caution in nursing mothers.