Indication: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Administration: Subcutaneous (SC) injection — administer to abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. Inject once weekly, on the same day each week, at any time of day, with or without meals. The day of weekly administration may be changed if necessary, provided at least 48 hours have passed between doses. Use a different injection site each week when injecting in the same body region.

Adult Dose: Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Start with 0.25 mg SC weekly for 4 weeks, then increase to 0.5 mg weekly. If glycemic control is not achieved after ≥ 4 weeks on 0.5 mg, increase to 1 mg weekly. No dosage adjustment required for hepatic impairment.

Child Dose: Safety and efficacy not established (< 18 years).

Renal Dose: No dosage adjustment required for renal impairment.

Contraindication: Personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2). Known hypersensitivity to semaglutide or any component of the product.

Mode of Action: Glucagon‑like peptide‑1 (GLP‑1) agonist. Enhances glucose‑dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriate glucagon release, and slows gastric emptying.

Precaution: Use with caution in patients with a history of pancreatitis or severe gastrointestinal disease.

Side Effects: Common (> 10%): Nausea, symptomatic hypoglycemia. Occasional (1–10%): Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia, eructation, flatulence, GERD. Rare (< 1%): Gastritis, cholelithiasis, fatigue, dizziness, injection‑site reaction.

Pregnancy & Lactation: Limited data in pregnant women. Potential fetal risk based on animal studies — discontinue at least 2 months before planned pregnancy.